List Of Earthquakes By Magnitude | Year | Location

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List Of Earthquakes

Earthquakes are any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move about one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Deadliest earthquakes by year

Deadliest earthquakes by year — By Year, Magnitude, Location, Depth, MMI, Notes, Event, Date.

List Of Earthquakes

Year	Magnitude	Location	Depth	MMI	Notes	Event	Date
2000	7.9	Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore	44.0	VI	This earthquake killed at least 103 people and injured 2,585 others.	2000 Enggano earthquake	June 4
2001	7.7	India, Bhuj	16.0	X	20,085 people were killed, 166,800 people were injured and over a million buildings damaged or destroyed, this was the 3rd largest earthquake in India since 1900.	2001 Gujarat earthquake	January 26
2002	7.4 & 6.1	Afghanistan, Baghlan Province	8.0	VII	1,166 people were killed and 200 people were injured. A 45 meter wide fissure opened in Xiker Reservoir in Xinjiang, China.	2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes	March 3-25
2003	6.6	Iran, Bam	10.0	IX	26,271 people were killed and 30,000 people were injured. The city of Bam was catastrophically impacted with many buildings, including the Bam Citadel completely destroyed.	2003 Bam earthquake	December 26
2004	9.1	Indonesia, Sumatra offshore	30.0	IX	This is the third largest earthquake in the world since 1900 and is the largest since the 1964 Alaska earthquake. In total, at least 227,898 people were killed, many more injured and 1,126,900 were displaced by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami in 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa.	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
2005	7.6	Pakistan, Balakot	15.0	XI	At least 87,351 people killed, more than 138,000 injured and extensive damage in Pakistan and India. The heaviest damage occurred in the Muzaffarabad area, Pakistan where entire villages were destroyed. In addition, approximately 250,000 farm animals died due to the collapse of stone barns, and more than 500,000 large animals required immediate shelter from the harsh winter.	2005 Kashmir earthquake	October 8
2006	6.4	Indonesia, Yogyakarta	10.0	IX	At least 28,903 people were killed, 137,883 were injured and as many as 779,287 people were displaced in the Bantul-Yogyakarta area. More than 127,000 houses were destroyed and an additional 451,000 were damaged in the area, with the total loss estimated at approximately 3.1 billion U.S. dollars.	2006 Yogyakarta earthquake	May 27
2007	8.0	Peru, Ica offshore	39.0	IX	At least 519 people killed, 1,090 injured and more than 39,700 buildings damaged or destroyed.	2007 Peru earthquake	August 15
2008	8.0	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	At least 87,587 people killed, 374,643 injured and 18,392 missing and presumed dead. More than 45.5 million people in 10 provinces and regions were affected. At least 15 million people were evacuated from their homes and more than 5 million were left homeless. An estimated 5.36 million buildings collapsed and more than 21 million buildings were damaged. The total economic loss was estimated at 86 billion US dollars.	2008 Sichuan earthquake	May 12
2009	7.6	Indonesia, Padang offshore	90.0	VII	At least 1,115 people killed, 2,181 injured, 181,665 buildings destroyed or damaged and about 451,000 people displaced in Padang. Damage estimated at 2.3 billion U.S. dollars.	2009 Sumatra earthquake	September 30
2010	7.0	Haiti, Léogâne	13.0	X	The earthquake killed between 92,000 and 316,000 people, and injured 300,000. With 1.3 million displaced, 97,294 houses were destroyed and 188,383 were damaged in the Port-au-Prince area and in much of southern Haiti.	2010 Haiti earthquake	January 12
2011	9.1	Japan, Sendai offshore	29.0	IX	At least 19,747 people killed, 2,556 missing, 6,242 injured, 130,927 displaced and at least 332,395 buildings, 2,126 roads, 56 bridges and 26 railways destroyed or damaged by the earthquake and tsunami along the entire east coast of Honshu from Chiba to Aomori.	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	March 11
2012	6.4	Iran, East Azerbaijan	9.0	VIII	At least 306 people killed, 3,037 injured, 4 villages destroyed and 60 heavily damaged in the epicentral area	2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes	August 11
2013	7.7	Pakistan, Balochistan	15.0	IX	At least 825 people killed, 700 people were injured and 21,000 houses destroyed or damaged in Balochistan	2013 Balochistan earthquakes	September 24
2014	6.2	China, Ludian County	10.0	VIII	At least 729 people killed, 3,143 injured and 42,000 houses damaged or destroyed.	2014 Ludian earthquake	August 3
2015	7.8	Nepal, Gorkha District	8.2	VIII	At least 9,182 people killed, 25,482 injured, and 769,817 houses damaged or destroyed in Nepal in this earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock on May 12.	April 2015 Nepal earthquake	April 25
2016	7.8	Ecuador, Esmeraldas	20.6	VIII	At least 676 people killed, 27,732 injured and 7,000 buildings damaged or destroyed including most of the town of Pedernales and its surrounding urban areas.	2016 Ecuador earthquake	April 16
2017	7.3	Iran-Iraq border Region	19.0	IX	At least 630 people killed, more than 8,100 injured, 70,000 displaced, 12,000 buildings destroyed and 15,000 buildings damaged.	2017 Iran-Iraq earthquake	November 12
2018	7.5	Indonesia, Palu	20.0	X	At least 4,340 people killed, 10,679 and 1.5 million people displaced. most of the casualties and damage were caused by a tsunami up to 7 m (23 ft) in Donggala. There are unconfirmed reports that a tsunami up to 15 m (50 ft) was observed in Sigi Regency.	2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami	September 28
2019	6.4	Albania, Durrës	10.0	VIII	At least 51 people killed, 3,000 people injured and many buildings damaged or destroyed.	2019 Albania earthquake	November 26
2020	7.0	Greece, Aegean Sea	21.0	VIII	At least 119 people killed, 1,096 people were injured and a 6 meter (20 ft) high tsunami. Most of the casualties and damage occurred in Turkey	2020 Aegean Sea earthquake	October 30
2021	7.2	Haiti, Nippes	10.0	IX	At least 2,248 people killed, 12,763 people were injured and 136,800 buildings destroyed in Les Cayes	2021 Nippes earthquake	August 14

Deadliest Earthquakes

Largest earthquakes by year

Largest earthquakes by year — By Year, Magnitude, Location, Depth, MMI, Notes, Deaths, Injuries, Event, Date.

List Of Earthquakes

Year	Magnitude	Location	Depth	MMI	Notes	Deaths	Injuries	Event	Date
1950	8.6	Assam-Tibet Border Region	15.0	XI	–	4,800	0	1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake	August 15
1951	7.8	Taiwan, East Rift Valley	30.0	VII	This was the strongest earthquake in a sequence of events.	85	1,200	1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes	November 24
1952	9.0	Russia, Kamchatka	21.6	XI	The death toll from this earthquake and resulting tsunami may be as high as 17,000.	2,336	0	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	November 4
1953	7.9	Japan, Yokohama	25.0	V	–	1	0		November 25
1954	7.8	Spain, Andalusia	626.2	IV		0	0		March 29
1955	7.5	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	I	–	0	0		February 27
1956	7.7	Greece, Dodecanese Islands	20.0	IX	The earthquake triggered a 30 m (98 ft) high tsunami.	56	0	1956 Amorgos earthquake	July 9
1957	8.6	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	25.0	VIII	A 10 meter high tsunami led to most of the damage.	2	0	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	March 9
1958	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	–	0	51		November 6
1959	7.9	Russia, Kamchatka	55.0	VIII	A tsunami up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high occurred in the Aleutian Islands.	1	13	1959 Kamchatka earthquake	May 4
1960	9.5	Chile, Valdivia	25.0	XII	This is the most powerful earthquake recorded since 1900. A tsunami up to 25 m (82 ft) high occurred.	6,000	11,000	1960 Valdivia earthquake	May 22
1961	7.6	Peru, Madre de Dios Region	612.2	IV	–	0	0		August 19
1962	7.5	Fiji, Offshore	390.0	I	–	0	0		May 21
1963	8.5	Russia, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	–	0	0	1963 Kuril Islands earthquake	October 13
1964	9.2	Alaska, Prince William Sound	25.0	XI	Most of the deaths were caused by a tsunami, which was the largest earthquake-produced tsunami ever recorded at a height of 67.0 m (219.8 ft). This is the second most powerful earthquake in modern times and the most powerful in North America.	131	0	1964 Alaska earthquake	March 28
1965	8.7	Alaska, Aleutian Islands	30.3	X	A tsunami up to 10.7 m (35 ft) occurred, but caused little damage. This is the second most powerful earthquake in Alaska and the United States as a whole.	0	0	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	February 4
1966	8.1	Peru, Arequipa	38.0	IX	A 3.4 m (11 ft) high tsunami occurred.	125	3,000	1966 Peru earthquake
1967	7.4	Turkey, Sakarya Province	30.0	X	–	86	0	1967 Mudurnu earthquake	July 22
1968	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	26.0	VIII	A majority of the casualties were from a 6 m (20 ft) high tsunami.	52	330	1968 Tokachi earthquake	May 16
1969	8.2	Russia, Kuril Islands	30.0	VIII	–	0	0		August 11
1970	8.0	Colombia, Amazonas Department	644.8	IV	This was one of the most powerful deep-focus earthquakes ever recorded.	1	4	1970 Colombia earthquake	July 31
1971	8.1	Papua New Guinea, Kokopo	37.0	IX	An 8.0 event occurred 12 days earlier, so this can be considered a doublet earthquake.	3	5	1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes	July 26
1972	8.0	Philippines, Mindanao	60.0	VII	–	0	0		December 2
1973	7.8	Japan, Hokkaidō	43.3	VIII	A 5.98 m (19.6 ft) high tsunami occurred.	0	27	1973 Nemuro earthquake	June 17
1974	8.1	Peru, Lima	13.0	IX	–	78	2,400	1974 Lima earthquake	October 3
1975	7.9	Papua New Guinea, Bougainville Island	49.0	VIII	A 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high tsunami destroyed a few homes.	0	0		July 20
1976	8.0	Philippines, Moro Gulf	33.0	VIII	Further casualties were caused by a 9 m (30 ft) high tsunami.	8,000	10,000	1976 Moro Gulf earthquake	August 17
1977	8.3	Indonesia, Bima	25.0	VI	The earthquake was felt as far away as Albany in Australia. A 5.8 m (19 ft) high tsunami was also triggered.	189	1,100	1977 Sumba earthquake	August 19
1978	7.7	Japan, Miyagi	44.0	VIII	6,757 buildings destroyed or badly damaged. The earthquake also triggered a 60 cm (2.0 ft) high tsunami.	28	1,325	1978 Miyagi earthquake	June 12
1979	8.2	Ecuador, Tumaco	24.0	IX	A tsunami up to 6 m (20 ft) high was triggered.	600	0	1979 Tumaco earthquake	December 12
1980	7.9	Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands	33.0	VI	–	0	0		July 17
1981	7.7	Samoa, Apia	25.0	VI	One person drowned in a 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high tsunami.	1	0		September 1
1982	7.3	El Salvador, Offshore	73.0	VII	This event had similarities to the January 2001 El Salvador earthquake.	43	0	1982 El Salvador earthquake	June 19
1983	7.6	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	88.8	VII	In areas close to the epicentre, landslides occurred and trees were uprooted, and a 25 cm (0.82 ft) high tsunami was observed off the coast.	0	0		March 18
1984	7.6	Solomon Islands, Honiara	18.1	VIII	Some landslides occurred	0	0		February 7
1985	8.0	Mexico, Mexico City	27.9	IX	At least 3,536 buildings damaged or destroyed. A 3.0 m (9.8 ft)-high tsunami was observed on the Mexican coast, although some estimates put the height at 30 m (98 ft)	10,000	30,000	1985 Mexico City earthquake	September 19
1986	8.0	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	19.0	VII	Minor damage was reported in areas near the epicenter. A tsunami with heights of 10 ft (3.0 m) struck Hawaii, more than 6,400 km (4,000 mi) away.	0	0		May 7
1987	7.9	United States, Gulf of Alaska	10.0	VI	Minor damage was reported in areas near the epicentre and a small tsunami was observed.	0	0		November 30
1988	7.7	Myanmar-China border region	17.8	X	Some damage was also reported in Myanmar.	938	7,700	1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes	November 6
1989	8.0	Australia, Macquarie Island	10.0	V	–	0	0		May 23
1990	7.8	Philippines, Luzon	24.4	IX	–	1,621	3,000	1990 Luzon earthquake	July 16
1991	7.7	Costa Rica, Limón	10.0	IX	A 4 m (13 ft)-high tsunami was observed.	127	759	1991 Limon earthquake	April 22
1992	7.8	Indonesia, Sunda Islands	23.5	VIII	A tsunami struck with heights of 25 m (82 ft).	2,500	0	1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami	December 12
1993	7.8	Guam, Offshore	59.3	IX	71 people were injured and a tsunami up to 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) was observed.	0	71	1993 Guam earthquake	August 8
1994	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	3.0	IX	A 3.5 m (11 ft)-high tsunami was observed.	12	1,742	1994 Kuril Islands earthquake	October 5
1995	8.0	Chile, Antofagasta	30.5	VII	–	3	59	1995 Antofagasta earthquake	July 30
1996	8.2	Indonesia, Biak	11.5	VIII	A 7 m (23 ft)-high tsunami occurred.	166	423	1996 Biak earthquake	February 17
1997	7.7	Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	23.5	VIII	An 8.2 m (27 ft)-high tsunami was observed.	0	0	1997 Kamchatka earthquake	December 5
1998	8.1	Antarctica, Balleny Islands	10.0	VI	Believed to be the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in this area to date.	0	0	1998 Balleny Islands earthquake	March 25
1999	7.7	Taiwan, Nantou County	15.5	IX	At least 105,479 buildings damaged or destroyed.	2,444	11,305	1999 Jiji earthquake	September 21
2000	8.0	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	13.0	VII	One person killed in a landslide, another from a heart attack. Two 7.8 M_w  aftershocks occurred the following day.	2	0	2000 New Ireland earthquakes	November 16
2001	8.4	Peru, Arequipa	33.0	VIII	At least 90 drowned in a 7 m (23 ft)-high tsunami.	145	2,713	2001 southern Peru earthquake	June 23
2002	7.9	United States, Alaska	4.2	IX	It is the largest earthquake in Alaska in 16 years.	0	1	2002 Denali earthquake	November 3
2003	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	23.5	IX	Two missing. A 4 m (13 ft)-high tsunami observed.	0	849	2003 Tokachi earthquake	September 25
2004	9.1–9.3	Indonesia, Sumatra	10.0	IX	Majority of the deaths were from the associated tsunami that devastated parts of Southeast Asia and Western Africa with heights up to 51 m (167 ft) in Banda Aceh.	227,898	125,000	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	December 26
2005	8.6	Indonesia, Simeulue	21.0	IX	Ten fatalities in Sri Lanka due to evacuations. A 3 m (9.8 ft)-high tsunami damaged an airport.	1,313	300	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake	March 28
2006	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	10.0	VI	1 person injured when a tsunami struck with heights of 15 m (49 ft).	0	1	2006 Kuril Islands earthquake	November 15
2007	8.4	Indonesia, Sumatra	34.0	VIII	A 3 m (9.8 ft) tsunami observed.	23	0	September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes	September 12
2008	8.0	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	–	87,587	374,177	2008 Sichuan earthquake	May 12
2009	8.1	Samoa, Offshore	18.0	VII	A tsunami up to 14 m (46 ft) struck the Samoan coast.	189	7	2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami	September 29
2010	8.8	Chile, Concepción	22.9	IX	A 10 m (33 ft) tsunami struck the Chilean coast.	550	12,000	2010 Chile earthquake	February 27
2011	9.1	Japan, Honshu	29.0	IX	A tsunami up to 40.5 m (133 ft) struck the Tohoku coast.	19,747	6,000	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	March 11
2012	8.6	Indonesia, Indian Ocean	20.0	VII	An 8.2 M_w  aftershock occurred a few hours later.	10	12	2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes	April 11
2013	8.3	Russia, Sea of Okhotsk	598.1	VI	The quake was felt as far away as Moscow.	0	0	2013 Okhotsk Sea earthquake	May 24
2014	8.2	Chile, Iquique	25.0	VIII	–	6	9	2014 Iquique earthquake	April 1
2015	8.3	Chile, Coquimbo	22.4	IX	–	21	34	2015 Illapel earthquake	September 16
2016	7.9	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	94.5	VII	–	0	0	2016 Solomon Islands earthquakes#December 17 earthquake	December 17
2017	8.2	Mexico, Chiapas	47.4	IX	–	98	250	2017 Chiapas earthquake	September 8
2018	8.2	Fiji, Offshore	600.0	V	–	0	0	2018 Fiji earthquake	August 19
2019	8.0	Peru, Loreto	122.6	VIII	–	2	0	2019 Peru earthquake	May 26
2020	7.8	United States, Alaska Peninsula	28.0	VII	Foreshock to the 8.2 in 2021, along with an event in October.	0	0	July 2020 Alaska Peninsula earthquake	July 22
2021	8.2	United States, Alaska Peninsula	32.2	VII	This is the largest earthquake in the United States since the 1965 Rat Islands earthquake.	0	0	2021 Chignik earthquake	July 29

Largest Earthquakes

Largest Earthquakes by magnitude

Largest earthquakes by a magnitude — By Rank, Year, Magnitude, Location, Event, Date.

List Of Earthquakes

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	June 11, 1585	Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands (now Alaska, United States)	1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake	9.25 (est.)
3	July 8, 1730	Valparaiso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)
4	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2
5	December 26, 2004	Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.1–9.3
6	October 17, 1737	Kamchatka, Russia	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
7	November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)
8	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.1
9	November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
10	May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
11	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0
12	January 26, 1700	Pacific Ocean, US and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire)	1700 Cascadia earthquake	8.7–9.2 (est.)
13	April 2, 1762	Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U)	1762 Arakan earthquake	8.8 (est.)
14	November 26, 1852	Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1852 Banda Sea earthquake	8.8 (est.)
15	May 9, 1877	Iquique, Chile (then Peru)	1877 Iquique earthquake	8.7–8.9 (est.)
16	January 31, 1906	Ecuador – Colombia	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake	8.8
17	February 27, 2010	Offshore Maule, Chile	2010 Chile earthquake	8.8
18	November 1, 1755	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Lisbon earthquake	8.5–9.0 (est.)
19	August 13, 1868	Arica, Chile (then Peru)	1868 Arica earthquake	8.5–9.0 (est.)
20	October 20, 1687	Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1687 Peru earthquake	8.7 (est.)
21	October 28, 1707	Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7 (est.)
22	October 28, 1746	Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1746 Lima–Callao earthquake	8.6–8.8 (est.)
23	February 4, 1965	Rat Islands, Alaska, United States	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	8.7
24	March 28, 1787	Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1787 New Spain earthquake	8.6 (est.)
25	February 2, 1816	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1816 North Atlantic earthquake	8.6 (est.)
26	April 1, 1946	Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA	1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake	8.6
27	August 15, 1950	Assam, India – Tibet, China	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake	8.6
28	March 9, 1957	Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	8.6
29	March 28, 2005	Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake	8.6
30	April 11, 2012	Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia	2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes	8.6
31	December 16, 1575	Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1575 Valdivia earthquake	8.5 (est.)
32	November 24, 1604	Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1604 Arica earthquake	8.5 (est.)
33	May 13, 1647	Santiago, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1647 Santiago earthquake	8.5 (est.)
34	July 25, 1668	Shandong, China	1668 Shandong earthquake	8.5 (est.)
35	May 24, 1751	Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1751 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
36	March 31, 1761	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Lisbon earthquake	8.5 (est.)
37	April 4, 1819	Copiapó, Chile	1819 Copiapó earthquake	8.5 (est.)
38	November 19, 1822	Valparaíso, Chile	1822 Valparaíso earthquake	8.5 (est.)
39	February 20, 1835	Concepción, Chile	1835 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
40	February 8, 1843	Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake	8.5 (est.)
41	February 16, 1861	Sumatra, Indonesia	1861 Sumatra earthquake	8.5 (est.)
42	June 15, 1896	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	1896 Sanriku earthquake	8.5 (est.)
43	June 17, 1917	Samoa offshore	1917 Samoa earthquake	8.5 (est.)
44	November 10, 1922	Atacama Region, Chile Catamarca Province, Argentina	1922 Vallenar earthquake	8.5
45	February 1, 1938	Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1938 Banda Sea earthquake	8.5
46	October 13, 1963	Kuril Islands, Russia (USSR)	1963 Kuril Islands earthquake	8.5

Largest Earthquakes

List Of Earthquakes

Century	Number of magnitude ≥8.5
1501–1600	2
1601–1700	5
1701–1800	9
1801–1900	13
1901–2000	12
2001–present	5
Total	46

Costliest Earthquakes

Costliest earthquakes — By Rank, Event, Location, Magnitude, Property damage

List Of Earthquakes

Rank	Event	Location	Magnitude	Property damage
1	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	Japan	9.1	$360 billion
2	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake	Japan	6.9	$200 billion
3	2008 Sichuan earthquake	Sichuan, China	8.0	$150 billion
4	2004 Chūetsu earthquake	Japan	6.8	$28 billion
5	1999 İzmit earthquake	Turkey	7.6	$20 billion
6	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes	Italy	6.1	$15.8 billion
7	2011 Christchurch earthquake	New Zealand	6.3	$15–40 billion
8	2010 Chile earthquake	Chile	8.8	$15–30 billion
9	1980 Irpinia earthquake	Italy	6.9	$15 billion
10	1994 Northridge earthquake	Los Angeles, United States	6.7	$13–44 billion
11	1976 Tangshan earthquake	Hebei, China	7.8	$10 billion
12	1999 Jiji earthquake	Taiwan	7.7	$10 billion
13	April 2015 Nepal earthquake	Nepal	7.8	$10 billion
14	1989 Loma Prieta earthquake	California, United States	6.9	$5.6–6 billion
15	1923 Great Kantō earthquake	Tokyo, Japan	8.0	$600 million
16	1906 San Francisco earthquake	San Francisco, United States	7.7 to 7.9 (est.)	$400 million

Costliest Earthquakes

Deadliest Earthquakes

The following table lists the deadliest earthquakes on record according to date, location, fatalities, and magnitude.

List Of Earthquakes

Rank	Event	Date	Location	Fatalities	Magnitude	Notes
1	1556 Shaanxi earthquake	January 23, 1556	Shaanxi, China	100,000 (direct toll from quake), (820,000–830,000 (highest possible estimated death toll)	8.0	Estimated death toll in Shaanxi, China
2	1976 Tangshan earthquake	July 28, 1976	Hebei, China	242,769–700,000+	7.8
3	1920 Haiyuan earthquake	December 16, 1920	Ningxia–Gansu, China	273,400	7.8	Major fractures, landslides.
4	526 Antioch earthquake	May 21, 526	Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey)	250,000	7.0	Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
5	1139 Ganja earthquake	September 30, 1139	Ganja, Azerbaijan	230,000–300,000	7.0 M_w	Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.
6	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	December 26, 2004	Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia	227,898	9.1–9.3	Became the deadliest tsunami on record, causing nearly 230,000 deaths from the earthquake and resulting tsunami across 14 countries.
7	1138 Aleppo earthquake	October 11, 1138	Aleppo, Syria	130,000–230,000	7.1	The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and on September 30, 1139 in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.
8	2010 Haiti earthquake	January 12, 2010	Haiti	100,000–316,000 (estimates)	7.0	Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate) to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).
9	1303 Hongdong earthquake	July 25, 1303	Shanxi, China	200,000	8.0	Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled.
10	856 Damghan earthquake	December 22, 856	Damghan, Iran	200,000	7.9
11	893 Ardabil earthquake	March 22, 893	Ardabil, Iran	150,000	Unknown	Reports probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, ‘Dabil’ as ‘Ardabil’. This is regarded as a ‘fake earthquake’.
12	533 Aleppo earthquake	November 29, 533	Syria	130,000	Unknown
13	1908 Messina earthquake	December 28, 1908	Messina, Italy	123,000	7.1	The ground shook for 30 to 40 seconds around 5:20 am, and destruction occurred within a 300 km radius. 91% of structures in Messina were destroyed and ~70,000 residents died. Rescuers searched for weeks, and whole families were pulled out alive days later. A 40-foot (12 m) tsunami struck nearby coasts. Reggio Calabria on the Italian mainland also suffered heavy damage.
14	1948 Ashgabat earthquake	October 6, 1948	Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan)	10,000–110,000	7.3
15	1923 Great Kantō earthquake	September 1, 1923	Kantō region, Japan	105,385	7.9	This earthquake with an epicenter beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay, shook the Kantō plain on the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58 am. Shaking duration reported between 4 and 10 minutes, devastating Tokyo, Yokohama, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka. Shaking slid the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura almost two feet forward. Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including ~40,000 missing later presumed dead.
16	1290 Chihli earthquake	September 27, 1290	Ningcheng, China	100,000	6.8

Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The “Event #” is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

List Of Earthquakes

Rank	Event origin time	ISC Event #	Papers	ISC code	Event
1	2011-03-11 05:46:23	16461282	1723	TOHOKU2011	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2	2008-05-12 06:27:59	13228121	1329	WENCHUAN2008	2008 Sichuan earthquake
3	2004-12-26 00:58:52	7453151	876	SUMATRA2004	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4	1999-09-20 17:47:16	1718616	685	CHI-CHI1999	1999 Jiji earthquake
5	1994-01-17 12:30:54	189275	494	NORTHRIDGE1994	1994 Northridge earthquake
6	1995-01-16 20:46:51	124708	472	SHYOGO1995	Great Hanshin earthquake
7	2009-04-06 01:32:42	13438018	460	LAQUILA2009	2009 L’Aquila earthquake
8	2010-02-27 06:34:13	14340585	458	MAULE2010	2010 Chile earthquake
9	1989-10-18 00:04:14	389808	440	LOMAPRIETA1989	1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
10	1992-06-28 11:57:35	289086	402	LANDERS1992	1992 Landers earthquake
11	1999-08-17 00:01:38	1655218	384	IZMIT1999	1999 İzmit earthquake
12	2015-04-25 06:11:26	607208674	369	GORKHA2015	April 2015 Nepal earthquake
13	2016-04-15 16:25:06	610289055	266	KUMAMOTO2016	2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
14	1964-03-28 03:36:13	869809	264	ALASKA1964	1964 Alaska earthquake
15	1960-05-22 19:11:20	879136	256	CHILE1960	1960 Valdivia earthquake
16	1985-09-19 13:17:50	516095	244	MEXICOCITY1985	1985 Mexico City earthquake
17	2010-09-03 16:35:46	15155483	234	DARFIELD2010	2010 Canterbury earthquake
18	2001-01-26 03:16:40	1763683	232	BHUJ2001	2001 Gujarat earthquake
19	1971-02-09 14:00:40	787038	230	SANFERNANDO1971	1971 San Fernando earthquake
20	2013-04-20 00:02:47	607304721	209	LUSHAN2013	2013 Lushan earthquake
21	1976-07-27 19:42:53	711732	207	TANGSHAN1976	1976 Tangshan earthquake
22	2003-09-25 19:50:07	7134409	197	TOKACHI-OKI2003	2003 Tokachi earthquake
23	1980-11-23 18:34:52	635924	196	IRPINIA1980	1980 Irpinia earthquake
24	1976-05-06 20:00:12	713583	194	FRIULI1976	1976 Friuli earthquake
25	2016-08-24 01:36:33	611462212	189	AMATRICE2016	August 2016 Central Italy earthquake
26	2011-02-21 23:51:42	16168897	182	CHRISTCHURCH2011A	2011 Christchurch earthquake
27	2004-09-28 17:15:24	7406045	178	PARKFIELD2004	Parkfield earthquake
28	2005-03-28 16:09:35	7486110	177	NIAS2005	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
29	2004-10-23 08:55:58	7421058	176	MID-NIIGATA2004	2004 Chūetsu earthquake
30	2016-11-13 11:02:59	615035032	168	KAIKOURA2016	2016 Kaikōura earthquake
31	2012-05-20 02:03:53	601025379	165	EMILIA2012A	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
32	1999-10-16 09:46:45	1643776	162	HECTOR-MINE1999	1999 Hector Mine earthquake
33	2001-11-14 09:26:12	2331800	158	KUNLUN2001	2001 Kunlun earthquake
34	2005-10-08 03:50:37	7703077	150	KASHMIR2005	2005 Kashmir earthquake
35	2002-11-03 22:12:41	6123395	147	DENALI2002	2002 Denali earthquake
36	1988-12-07 07:41:24	417441	145	ARMENIA1988	1988 Armenian earthquake
37	1999-11-12 16:57:19	1650092	145	DUZCE1999	1999 Düzce earthquake
38	1923-09-01 02:58:35	911526	145	KANTO1923	1923 Great Kantō earthquake
39	1979-10-15 23:16:57	657282	142	IMPERIAL1979	1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
40	2003-12-26 01:56:53	7217667	133	BAM2003	2003 Bam earthquake
41	2014-04-01 23:46:47	610102185	131	IQUIQUE2014	2014 Iquique earthquake
42	2010-01-12 21:53:10	14226221	127	HAITI2010	2010 Haiti earthquake
43	2015-09-16 22:54:30	611531714	127	ILLAPEL2015	2015 Illapel earthquake
44	2016-10-30 06:40:19	609624987	120	NORCIA2016	October 2016 Central Italy earthquakes
45	2012-05-29 07:00:04	605482196	120	EMILIA2012B	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
46	1983-05-26 02:59:58	577008	120	SEAOFJAPAN1983	1983 Sea of Japan earthquake
47	1906-04-18 13:12:27	16957905	120	SANFRANCISCO1906	1906 San Francisco earthquake
48	1944-12-07 04:35:45	899647	115	TONANKAI1944	1944 Tōnankai earthquake
49	2019-07-06 03:19:55	616203758	112	RIDGECREST2019B	2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
50	2008-06-13 23:43:46	13377361	111	IWATE-MIYAGI2008	2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake

Causes of Earthquakes:

The main reasons for the earthquake are the following:

Plate tectonics-
The Earth’s Uphthal is made up of seven large and more than a dozen small plates. These plates are not stable and it keeps sliding. When these plates move from their place, the composition is produced in the Bhupatala
Volcanic Eruptions-
Volcano Ud Gar is one of the main causes of Bhookamp. Such a herpes either come with a volcano Ud Gar before the Athwa Bhookamp Ud Gar
Vallan and Faulting-
Due to geological movement, a stir is produced in the layers of the bhupatals and there are vallions and confusion. Chattans are broken by the fall and fall of the frown and the buzzing
Human Causes (Anthropogenic Causes)-
Human mines minerals and stones from the rooftop of the earth, building a reservoir on rivers and cutting forests. If this mining is sunk down, then the vibration is produced in the ground floor. Even the load of dam reservoirs deteriorates the balance of the rooftop Which leads to land pumps. Satara district (Maharashtra) Cuckoo dam reservoir load in (1967) Due to heavy necups came. Kariba Dam in Zambia, Russia’s Nurek Dam (Nourek Dam) And Merathan Dam of Unin, (1931).

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